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¿µÁøÄÚÆÛ·¹ÀÌ¼Ç Á¾ÇÕÄ«´Ù·Î±×
¡á Determination of Microbial Soil Respiration with Respirometric Sensor System for Soil Analysis
Reference: ISO 16072:2011 Soil quality -- Laboratory methods for determination of microbial soil respiration.

Tested with RESPIROMETRIC Sensor System for soil analysis code SA102B0176
| ¿øº»º¸±â | Application Note ¸®½ºÆ® |




Introduction

Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀº ¹Ì»ý¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ À¯±â¹°ÀÇ ¹«±âÈ­ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¹ß»ýÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ À¯±â¹°Àº »êÈ­µÇ¾î ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò¿Í ¹°ÀÌ »ý¼ºµÇ¸ç, È£±â¼º ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ °æ¿ì »ê¼Ò°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ Èí¼öµË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ø¸®¸¦ Åä´ë·Î Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀº »ê¼Ò ¼Òºñ·® ¹×/¶Ç´Â ÀÌ»êȭź¼Ò ¹æÃâ·®À» Á¤·®ÀûÀ¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¿© Åä¾ç ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ Àü¹ÝÀûÀΠȰµ¿¼ºÀ» Æò°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀº ÀÛ¹°, ½Ä¹° ¼ºÀå, Åä¾ç µ¿¹°, ¹Ì»ý¹°À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ Åä¾ç »ý¸íÀ» ÁöÅÊÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Åä¾çÀÇ ´É·ÂÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â Åä¾ç °Ç°­ÀÇ Áß¿äÇÑ ÁöÇ¥·Î¼­, »ý¹°ÇÐÀû Ȱµ¿ ¼öÁØ, Åä¾ç À¯±â¹°, ºÐÇØ Á¤µµ¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ºÐÇØ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ À¯±â¹°¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ À¯±â ÀÎ, Áú¼Ò, Ȳ µîÀÇ ¿µ¾ç¼Ò°¡ ¹«±â ÇüÅ·ΠÀüȯµÇ¾î ½Ä¹°ÀÌ Èí¼öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.

½ÇÇè½Ç¿¡¼­´Â Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀ» ÅëÇØ Åä¾ç ¹Ì»ý¹°·®À» ÃßÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀº Åä¾çÀÌ ½Ä¹° ¼ºÀåÀ» À¯ÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·ÂÀ» ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù. °æ¿î (Ìééü, ¹ç °¥ÀÌ) ÈÄ¿¡´Â Åä¾ç ÁýÇÕü°¡ ÆÄ±«µÇ¾î À¯±â¹°ÀÌ º¸È£¹ÞÁö ¸øÇϰí Åä¾ç Åë±â¼ºÀÌ Áõ°¡Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °úµµÇÑ È£Èí°ú À¯±â¹° ºÐÇØ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇϱ⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ À¯±â¹° °í°¥, Åä¾ç ÁýÇÕ·Â °¨¼Ò, ½Ä¹°°ú ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ ¿µ¾çºÐ ÀÌ¿ë °¡´É¼º Á¦ÇÑÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸ç, ¿µ¾çºÐÀÇ Ãß°¡ ÅõÀÔÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì ÀÛ¹° »ý»ê·® °¨¼Ò·Î À̾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À¯±â¹° ÃàÀû°ú ¼Õ½Ç »çÀÌÀÇ ÀÓ°èÁ¡Àº ÅõÀԵǴ ź¼Ò·®À» ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÏ¸é ¿¹ÃøÇÏ±â ¾î·Æ½À´Ï´Ù.

RESPIROMETRIC ¼¾¼­¸¦ ÅëÇØ Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀ» ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
Åä¾ç ¹Ì»ý¹° Ȱµ¿¼º Æò°¡
÷°¡Á¦(¿µ¾çºÐ, ¿À¿°¹°Áú, Åä¾ç °³·®Á¦ µî)°¡ ¹Ì»ý¹° ´ë»ç ¼º´É¿¡ ¹ÌÄ¡´Â ¿µÇâ ±Ô¸í
¹Ì»ý¹°·® ÃøÁ¤


Samples

Bio-Organic soil conditioner ID EN99


Reagents required

Absorption of carbon dioxide (Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)) in flakes, commercial grade or non-deliquescent soda lime, 1.0-1.7 mm granules.


Sample Preparation

½ÃÇè Àü Åä¾çÀÇ ¼öºÐ ÇÔ·®À» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Åðºñ´Â ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ È°¼ºÈ­¸¦ À§ÇØ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀûÀýÇÑ ½Àµµ¸¦ À¯ÁöÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Åðºñ°¡ ³Ê¹« °ÇÁ¶ÇÏ¸é ¹Ì»ý¹° Ȱµ¿ÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇØÁ® ÅðºñÈ­ °úÁ¤ (Åðºñ Àüȯ °úÁ¤) ÀÌ Áߴܵǰí, Åðºñ°¡ ³Ê¹« ½ÀÇÏ¸é »ê¼Ò°¡ ¾ø´Â Çø±â¼º Á¶°Ç¿¡¼­ ¿øÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â ¹Ì»ý¹° °úÁ¤ÀÌ ÀϾ ¾ÇÃë°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í ½Ä¹°¿¡ µ¶¼ºÀ» Áö´Ñ »ê (phyto-toxic acids) ÀÌ Çü¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

ÅðºñÀÇ ¼öºÐ ÇÔ·®Àº ÁÖ¸Ô Å×½ºÆ®(punch test) ¶ó´Â °£´ÜÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ÅëÇØ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Åðºñ¸¦ ÇÑ ÁÜ Áã°í ¼¼°Ô Áå µÚ ¼ÕÀ» ÆñÀ» ¶§,
- Åðºñ°¡ ³Ê¹« °ÇÁ¶ÇÏ¸é ¼Õ¿¡¼­ ½±°Ô Èð¾îÁý´Ï´Ù.
- ¼öºÐ ÇÔ·®ÀÌ Á¤»óÀ̶ó¸é Åðºñ°¡ ¹¶ÃÄÁø »óÅ·ΠÀ¯ÁöµË´Ï´Ù.
- Åðºñ°¡ ³Ê¹« ½ÀÇϸé Áã¾úÀ» ¶§ ¼Õ¿¡¼­ ¹°ÀÌ Èê·¯ ³ª¿É´Ï´Ù.

»óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó ¹°À» Ãß°¡Çϰųª Åðºñ¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ÀûÀýÇÑ ¼öºÐ ÇÔ·®À¸·Î Á¶ÀýÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Åä¾çÀÌ ÀûÁ¤ ½Àµµ·Î ÁغñµÇ¸é, °ÇÁ¶ Áú·® ºÐÀ²À» °áÁ¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, Åä¾çÀÇ ÀûÁ¤ ½Àµµ Á¶Á¤ ÈÄ Åä¾çÀÌ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ºÎÇǸ¦ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. 200/250 mL cylinder ¿¡ di-Water 100 mL ¸¦ ³Ö°í, medium 50/100 gÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. È¥ÇÕÇÑ ÈÄ ÃÖÁ¾ ºÎÇÇ¿¡¼­ ¹°ÀÇ ºÎÇǸ¦ »« °ªÀÌ Åä¾çÀÌ Â÷ÁöÇÏ´Â ºÎÇǰ¡ µË´Ï´Ù.


Analysis Procedure

1. Set the incubator temperature to the desired value, 20-25¡ÆC. We set the tests at 25¡Æ¡¾1¡ÆC.
2. Connect the Wireless DataBox¢â and fill in the RESPIROSoft¢â software database.
3. Weigh 50 - 200g of well-mixed soil in a beaker and transfer it to a 1-liter flask
4. Introduce about 6 pellets of KOH into the alkali collector
5. Screw the RESPIROMETRIC Sensors onto each bottle and tighten
6. Place the system in the incubator at the test temperature.
7. Wait at least 3 hours to reach the correct test temperature and to develop the typical initial pressure increase.
¡Ü This growth is due to vapor pressure and air flask heating
To remove the additional pressure, we recommend venting test bottles to the atmospheric pressure (by briefly loosening the ring nut).
8. Press START and run the test for at least 15 days.


Free Gas Volume calculation

Free gas ºÎÇÇ´Â ´ÙÀ½ ½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ °è»êÇÕ´Ï´Ù :

- Vfg : the free gas volume, in liters
- Vtot : the total volume of the measuring vessel without soil, adsorption vessel and absorption material, in liters
- Vav : the absorption vessel volume, in liters
- Vam : the absorption material volume, in liters
- Vsm : the moist soil volume, in liters


Dry Soil Mass calculation

Dry soil ÀÇ Áú·®Àº ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ °è»êÇÕ´Ï´Ù :
- msd : Dry soil mass (kg)
- msm : Moist soil mass (kg)
- Wsd : Dry mass fraction of the moist soil sample


O©ü Consumption Rate calculation

O©ü ºñÀ²Àº ´ÙÀ½ ½ÄÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ °è»êÇÕ´Ï´Ù :

- RO©ü : O©ü consumption rate on a soil dry mass basis (mg O©ü¡¤g?1¡¤h?1)
- 32000 : Molar mass of oxygen (mg/mol)
- Vfg : Free gas volume
- R : Gas constant (83.14 hPa I¡¤mol-1¡¤K-1)
- T : Measuring temperature (K)
- msd : Dry soil mass (g)
- ¥ÄP : Measured pressure reduction (hPa)
- t : Elapsed time (h)


Results obtained

Respirometric Sensor SystemÀÇ RESPIROSoft¢â ´Â ½ÃÇè ±â°£ µ¿¾È ±âüÀÇ ¾Ð·Â °ªÀ» ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ÃøÁ¤Çϸç, À̸¦ ±×·¡ÇÁ·Î ³ªÅ¸³À´Ï´Ù (Figure 1).



Figure 1. Graph of 100 g of sample 298K test

NOTE : when pressure goes around 800mbar all the Oxygen inside the bottle is consumed. Therefore, the system requires to be aerated (unscrew the sensor and insufflate air inside the bottle).

½Ã°£¿¡ µû¸¥ Èí¼ö ¼ÓµµÀÇ º¯µ¿¼ºÀ» ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µ Çϱâ À§ÇØ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Åä¾ç ½Ã·á¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Ã·áÀÇ ¹«°Ô¸¦ ´Þ¸®ÇÏ¿© 20ÀÏ µ¿¾È ½ÃÇèÇÑ °á°ú´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù.

Test 200 g of soil : T=298 K, Vfg=0.965 L, t=72 h


Test 200 g of soil : T=298 K, Vfg=1.037 L, t=72 h


Test 200 g of soil : T=298 K, Vfg=1.081 L, t=72 h



Conclusions

Åä¾ç ºÐ¼®¿ë Respirometric Sensor System Àº RSD% °ª (ÃÖ¼Ò 3.29%) ¿¡¼­ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ ¹Ì»ý¹° Åä¾ç È£ÈíÀ» ÃøÁ¤Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀûÀÌ°í ½Å·ÚÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ÀåºñÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, Åä¾ç È£Èí ºÐ¼®¿¡¼­ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¹Ýº¹¼ºÀ» º¸¿©ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.

Respirometric Sensor ´Â ¹«¼± ±â¼úÀ» ÅëÇØ ÃøÁ¤µÈ ¾Ð·Â °ªÀ» Wireless Databox¢â ·Î Àü¼ÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù (ºÐ¼® ½ÃÀÛ Àü µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Àü¼Û ºóµµ¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù). Databox ·Î Àü¼ÛµÈ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ´Â RespiroSoft¢â ¿¡¼­ ÃÖÀûÀÇ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î °á°ú¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¶ÇÇÑ, Respirometric Sensor System À» VELP ERMES Cloud Flatform¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ¿© ¿ø°ÝÀ¸·Î µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦°ü¸®ÇÏ°í °á°ú¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.












 
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